Guguwar ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasar Sin da sauyin tsarin tattalin arzikinta kuma za su yi matukar tasiri ga bunkasar inshorar sufurin kayayyaki a duniya.Rugujewar yawan shigo da kaya da fitar da kayayyaki daga kasar Sin ya zama daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da suka haifar da raguwar adadin cinikin duniya.Yanayin yadda kasar Sin ta dogara ga fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare kawai don ciyar da tattalin arzikin kasar yana ci gaba da canzawa.A sa'i daya kuma, raguwar ci gaban tattalin arziki ya yi tasiri matuka ga bukatar kayayyaki da dama.Farashin manyan kayayyaki kamar makamashi, ma'adanai, da amfanin gona sun fadi zuwa mabambantan digiri.Faduwar farashin kaya na daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da raguwar kudin shiga na inshorar kaya a duniya.

Yaya game da bincike da yanayin masana'antar kasuwancin waje na 2021 matsayin ci gaban kasuwancin kasuwancin waje da kuma bincike mai yiwuwa

A shekarar 2017, tattalin arzikin duniya ya farfado cikin matsakaicin matsakaici, kuma tattalin arzikin cikin gida ya samu karbuwa da ingantawa, wanda ya sa aka ci gaba da samun bunkasuwar cinikayyar kasashen waje da kasar ta ke yi a duk shekara.Alkaluman kididdigar kwastam sun nuna cewa, a shekarar 2017, jimillar cinikin kayayyakin da kasar ta ke fitarwa da kuma fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje ya kai yuan triliyan 27.79, adadin da ya karu da kashi 14.2 bisa dari bisa na shekarar 2016, wanda ya koma baya bayan shekaru biyu a jere.Daga cikin su, fitar da kayayyakin da aka fitar ya kai yuan tiriliyan 15.33, wanda ya karu da kashi 10.8%;shigo da kaya ya kai yuan tiriliyan 12.46, wanda ya karu da kashi 18.7%;rarar cinikin ya kai yuan tiriliyan 2.87, raguwar kashi 14.2%.Musamman abubuwan sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. Kimar shigo da kaya da fitar da kayayyaki ya karu kwata kwata, sannan kuma ci gaban shekara ya ragu.A shekarar 2017, darajar shigo da kayayyaki ta kasata ta karu kwata kwata, inda ya kai yuan tiriliyan 6.17, yuan tiriliyan 6.91, yuan tiriliyan 7.17 da yuan tiriliyan 7.54, ya karu da kashi 21.3%, 17.2%, 11.9% da 8.6% bi da bi.

2. Abubuwan da ake shigo da su da fitarwa zuwa manyan abokan ciniki guda uku sun yi girma daidai gwargwado, kuma haɓakar shigo da fitarwa na wasu ƙasashe tare da "belt and Road" yana da kyau.A shekarar 2017, kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su kasarta zuwa kasashen EU da Amurka da ASEAN sun karu da kashi 15.5% da 15.2% da kuma 16.6%, sannan su ukun a hade sun kai kashi 41.8% na adadin kayayyakin da kasar ta ke fitarwa da kuma fitar da su.A daidai wannan lokacin, shigo da kayayyaki na kasata zuwa kasashen Rasha, Poland da Kazakhstan sun karu da kashi 23.9%, da kashi 23.4% da kashi 40.7% bi da bi, duk sun zarce adadin ci gaban gaba daya.

3. Shigo da fitar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya karu, kuma adadin ya karu.A shekarar 2017, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na kasarmu sun shigo da su da kuma fitar da yuan tiriliyan 10.7, wanda ya karu da kashi 15.3%, wanda ya kai kashi 38.5% na adadin kudin shiga da fitar da kasarta, wanda ya karu da kashi 0.4 bisa dari bisa na shekarar 2016. Daga cikinsu, fitar da kayayyaki ya kai tiriliyan 7.13. Yuan, ya karu da kashi 12.3%, wanda ya kai kashi 46.5% na adadin kudin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, kuma ya ci gaba da kiyaye matsayi mafi girma a cikin rabon fitar da kayayyaki, ya karu da maki 0.6;An shigo da shi yuan tiriliyan 3.57, wanda ya karu da kashi 22%.

A cikin rubu'i uku na farkon shekarar 2017, yawan kayayyakin injina da na lantarki da kasar Sin ta fitar ya kai yuan tiriliyan 6.41, wanda ya karu da kashi 13%, da kashi 0.6 bisa dari, fiye da yawan karuwar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, wanda ya kai kashi 57.5% na adadin kudin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje.Daga cikin su, fitar da motoci, jiragen ruwa da wayoyin hannu ya karu da kashi 28.5%, 12.2% da 10.8% bi da bi.Fitar da kayayyakin fasahar zamani ya kai yuan tiriliyan 3.15, wanda ya karu da kashi 13.7%.Kasar Sin ta kara fadada shigo da kayayyaki da inganta tsarin shigo da kayayyaki.Shigo da samfuran fasaha na zamani kamar fasahar ci gaba, mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci sun haɓaka cikin sauri.

A farkon kashi uku na farko, kashi bakwai na samfurori bakwai na samfuran da aka fitar da su duka yuan tiriliyan 2.31,%, lissafin kashi 20.7% na darajar fitarwa.Daga cikin su, fitar da kayan wasan yara, kayayyakin robobi, jakunkuna da makamantansu ya karu da kashi 49.2%, 15.2% da kuma 14.7% bi da bi.

A shekarar 2019, kasuwancin waje da shigo da kayayyaki na kasata ya kai wani sabon matsayi.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu tsare-tsare masu kyau sun inganta ci gaban masana'antar cinikayyar waje ta kasata.Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa da safiyar yau ne ofishin yada labarai na majalisar jiha ya gudanar da taron manema labarai, kuma babban hukumar kwastam ta sanar da cewa shekarar 2019 na gudanar da harkokin kasuwancin kasashen waje da ke faruwa a kasata.A cikin 2019, a kan koma bayan karuwar tattalin arzikin duniya da kasadar cinikayya da rashin tabbas, kasata ta ci gaba da inganta tsarinta na cinikayyar waje da yanayin kasuwancinta, kamfanoni masu kirkire-kirkire da kuma inganta kasuwannin rarrabuwar kawuna, kuma cinikin kasashen waje ya ci gaba da ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai inganci a cikin inganci. .

An bayar da rahoton cewa, a shekarar 2019, jimillar kudin cinikayyar waje da kasar ta ke shigo da ita, ta kai yuan triliyan 31.54, wanda ya karu da kashi 3.4 bisa dari a duk shekara, wanda adadin da aka fitar ya kai yuan tiriliyan 17.23, wanda ya karu da kashi 5%, abin da aka shigo da shi daga waje. Yuan tiriliyan 14.31, wanda ya karu da kashi 1.6%, da rarar cinikin yuan tiriliyan 2.92.An haɓaka da 25.4%.Shigo da fitarwa, fitarwa da shigo da kaya na duk shekara duk sun sami matsayi mafi girma.

Akwai manyan dalilai guda uku da ke haifar da ci gaba da ci gaban kasuwancin waje da shigo da kayayyaki na ƙasata.Na farko, har yanzu tattalin arzikin ƙasa na yana kiyaye tushen kwanciyar hankali da ingantaccen ci gaba na dogon lokaci;na biyu, tattalin arzikin kasata yana da karfin juriya, yuwuwa da kuma damar da za a iya aiwatarwa.Misali, kasata tana da sama da nau'ikan masana'antu sama da 220, abin da ake samarwa ya zama na farko a duniya, kuma masana'antu na cikin gida suna ba da tallafi mai karfi don bunkasa kasuwancin waje.Na uku, an ci gaba da fitar da tasirin manufofin daidaita harkokin cinikayyar waje.Babban dalili shi ne, jerin tsare-tsare da matakai na daidaita harkokin kasuwancin ketare, kamar daidaita harkokin gudanarwa da mika mulki, da rage haraji da kudade, da inganta yanayin tashar jiragen ruwa, sun kara karfafa kwarin gwiwar kasuwa da kamfanoni.

A cikin 2019, ci gaban kasuwancin waje na ƙasata ya nuna halaye shida: na farko, sikelin shigo da kayayyaki ya karu kwata kwata;na biyu, martabar manyan abokan ciniki ta canza, kuma ASEAN ta zama babbar abokiyar ciniki ta biyu a kasata;na uku, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun zarce kamfanonin da suka zuba jari a kasashen waje a karon farko kuma sun zama babbar cibiyar cinikayyar waje ta kasata;na hudu, an kara inganta tsarin hanyoyin ciniki, sannan kuma yawan shigo da kayayyaki gaba daya ya karu;Na biyar, kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje sun fi na injina da na aiki tukuru, kuma yawan kayayyakin injina da na lantarki ya kusan 60%;Na shida shi ne tama na ƙarfe Ana ƙara shigo da kayayyaki kamar yashi, ɗanyen mai, iskar gas, da waken soya.

Yawan ci gaban tattalin arziki da cinikayya a duniya ya ragu matuka, kuma sabuwar annobar kambi ta afkawa masana'antun masana'antu na duniya.Daga karshen shekarar 2019 zuwa farkon shekarar 2020, tattalin arzikin duniya ya taba daidaitawa tare da farfado da tattalin arzikin duniya, amma ci gaban sabuwar annobar cutar huhu ta kambi ya haifar da babbar illa ga tattalin arzikin duniya da cinikayya.Asusun na IMF ya yi hasashen cewa tattalin arzikin duniya zai fada cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki a shekarar 2020, kuma koma bayan tattalin arzikin zai kai a kalla kamar rikicin kudi na 2008.har ma da tsanani.Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ciniki ta Duniya ta Hukumar Kasuwanci ta Duniya a cikin kwata na farko ya zo da 95.5, ya ragu da 96.6 a watan Nuwamba 2019. Tasirin annobar a kan tattalin arzikin duniya yana tasowa, kuma kusan babu daya daga cikin manyan tattalin arziki na duniya da manyan kasashe masu cinikayya. an tsira.

Yawan zirga-zirgar teku a duniya ya fadi da kashi 25% a farkon rabin shekarar 2020 kuma ana sa ran zai ragu da kashi 10% gaba daya na tsawon shekara.A cikin kashi uku na farko na shekarar 2020, yawan bunkasuwar kwantena na manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na duniya har yanzu yana cikin mummunan ci gaba, yayin da yawan kwantena na tashar Ningbo Zhoushan, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Guangzhou, tashar Qingdao da tashar Tianjin ta kasar Sin suka ci gaba da samun bunkasuwa mai kyau zuwa sassa daban-daban. digiri, yana nuna kasuwar cikin gida.mafi murmurewa.

Idan aka yi la’akari da sauyin yanayin kasuwancin cikin gida da na waje na tashar jiragen ruwa na cikin gida sama da girman da aka tsara a shekarar 2020, kasuwar kasuwancin cikin gida ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta yi tasiri sosai daga watan Janairu zuwa Maris, tare da raguwar mafi karancin maki sama da kashi 10, amma sannu a hankali ta farfado daga. A watan Afrilu, musamman a cikin gida Ta fuskar kasuwar cinikayyar waje ta tashar jiragen ruwa, sai dai an samu raguwar adadin kayayyakin da ake amfani da su a watan Maris, sauran sun ci gaba da kasancewa sama da daidai wannan lokacin na shekarar 2019, lamarin da ya nuna cewa, bunkasuwar kasuwar cinikayyar waje ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasar Sin ta kasance. Inda aka samu kwanciyar hankali, musamman saboda ba a dade ba a shawo kan cutar ta ketare yadda ya kamata, an dakile samar da masana'antu, da samar da kayayyaki da bukatun kasuwannin waje sannu a hankali, ta yadda za a sa kaimi ga bunkasuwar kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki ta kasar Sin.

Tare da ci gaba da samun bunkasuwar cinikayyar waje, kasar Sin ta zama kasa mafi girma a fannin jigilar kayayyaki a tashar jiragen ruwa.A shekarar 2020, barkewar sabuwar annobar cutar huhu ta kambi ya kawo tsayayye a fannin samar da kayayyaki, an samu raguwar cinikayyar kasashe daban-daban, sannan ci gaban kasuwar jigilar kayayyaki ya yi matukar tasiri.An shawo kan annobar cikin gida yadda ya kamata cikin kankanin lokaci, tattalin arzikin kasar ya farfado sannu a hankali, samar da masana'antu ya farfado cikin sauri, ana kai kayayyakin cikin gida ga kasuwannin duniya, kana bukatar cinikin fitar da kayayyaki ya karu.Daga Janairu zuwa Nuwamba 2020, jigilar kayayyaki na tashoshin jiragen ruwa sama da girman da aka tsara a cikin ƙasata ya kai ton biliyan 13.25, haɓakar 4.18% idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin na 2019.

Sabon annobar cutar huhu ta kambi, cinikin kayayyaki a duniya zai ragu da kashi 9.2 cikin 100 a shekarar 2020, kuma ma'aunin cinikayyar duniya zai yi kasa sosai fiye da yadda sabuwar annobar cutar ta huhu ta kambi.Dangane da koma bayan kasuwancin duniya, yawan karuwar da kasar Sin ke samu a kasashen waje ya zarce yadda ake tsammani.A cikin Nuwamba 2020, ba wai kawai ya sami ci gaba mai kyau na watanni 8 a jere ba, har ma ya nuna juriya mai ƙarfi, kuma yawan ci gaban ya kai matakin mafi girma na shekara a 14.9%.Sai dai kuma, ta fuskar shigo da kayayyaki, bayan da darajar shigo da kayayyaki ta wata-wata ta kai matsayin da ya kai yuan triliyan 1.4 a cikin watan Satumba, karuwar darajar shigo da kayayyaki ta koma baya ga mummunan ci gaba a watan Nuwamba.

An fahimci cewa a cikin 2020, ana sa ran kasuwancin waje na ƙasata zai ci gaba da ci gaba da bunƙasa gaba ɗaya, kuma haɓaka mai inganci zai kai wani sabon matsayi.Ana sa ran farfadowar tattalin arzikin duniya zai haifar da bunkasuwar ciniki, kuma ci gaba da farfadowar tattalin arzikin cikin gida yana ba da goyon baya mai karfi ga ci gaban cinikayyar kasashen waje.Amma a sa'i daya kuma, dole ne mu ga cewa akwai rashin tabbas da yawa a cikin sauye-sauyen yanayi na annoba da na waje, kuma har yanzu ci gaban cinikin kasashen waje na kasata yana fuskantar matsaloli da kalubale..An yi imani da cewa tare da hanzarin samuwar sabon tsarin ci gaba tare da zagayowar gida a matsayin babban jigon jiki da haɓakar juna na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, ci gaba da ci gaban babban matakin buɗewa ga duniyar waje, da ci gaba da samuwar ci gaba. sabon hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa da sabbin fa'ida mai fa'ida, ana sa ran za a ci gaba da samun karuwar shigo da kayayyaki na kasata a shekarar 2021. Ana sa ran samun babban sakamako mai inganci na cinikayyar kasashen waje.